Where did the earliest urban revolution develop in Mesopotamia?

The earliest urban revolution in Mesopotamia developed in the southern region, specifically within ancient Sumer.1

This transformation, which saw agricultural village societies evolve into complex urban centers, is most clearly evidenced by the growth of cities such as Eridu, Uruk, Bad-tibira, Nippur, and Kish. Among these, Uruk provides the most distinct archaeological record of urbanization, characterized by an explosive increase in the size of monumental buildings and the implementation of a state-managed system for food distribution.2

These developments, which began to emerge during the 4th millennium BCE, were driven by the ability to produce storable food surpluses, allowing for occupational specialization, social stratification, and the emergence of centralized political and religious institutions.213