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Where did Jawhar establish Cairo in relation to Al-Fustat?
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In 969, the Fatimid general Jawhar established the new city of Cairo (initially named Al-Manṣūriyyah) to the northeast of the existing settlements, including Al-Fusṭāṭ. While Al-Fusṭāṭ had served as the capital of Egypt since its founding in 641, Jawhar’s new, walled city was designed as a distinct royal enclave separate from the older, more chaotic urban center. The two cities coexisted until 1168, when Al-Fusṭāṭ was destroyed by fire to prevent its capture by Crusader forces.12