When did the Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination begin to apply to state governments?

The protection against self-incrimination provided by the Fifth Amendment was established as applying to state governments in 1964 with the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Malloy v. Hogan.1

While the Bill of Rights was ratified in 1791, it originally applied only to the federal government. In the 20th century, the Supreme Court utilized the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to selectively incorporate various rights and apply them to the states. Prior to the Malloy ruling, the Court had already begun invalidating state convictions based on coerced confessions by applying due process standards, such as in Brown v. Mississippi (1936). However, it was not until Malloy that the specific Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination was formally extended to state defendants, laying the necessary legal foundation for the landmark Miranda decision in 1966.231