When did cathedral schools and universities begin to replace monasteries as major learning centres?

From the 5th century until the time of Charlemagne in the 8th century, monasteries served as the primary centers of learning in Western Europe. However, as intellectual life evolved, this landscape shifted:1

• Cathedral Schools: After the year 1000, cathedral schools began to replace monasteries as the primary cultural and educational centers. These schools, which were run by cathedral clergy, had originally focused on training priests but eventually expanded to educate lay students as well.23
• Universities: By the late 12th and early 13th centuries, groups of teachers and students began organizing themselves into guilds, which modeled themselves on ecclesiastical corporations. Around 1200, these associations developed into the first universities, which subsequently supplanted cathedral schools as the dominant institutions of higher learning.42

This transition facilitated the rise of Scholasticism, a highly formalized method of teaching and inquiry that defined the European intellectual tradition for centuries.42