What were the main terms of the Treaty of Versailles signed at the Palace of Versailles?

The Treaty of Versailles, signed on June 28, 1919, in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, imposed severe conditions on Germany following World War I. Its main terms included:

• Territorial Losses: Germany lost approximately 10 percent of its territory and population. Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France, and significant eastern territories were ceded to a reconstituted Poland. Additionally, Germany was stripped of all its overseas colonies.123
• Military Restrictions: To prevent future aggression, the German army was limited to 100,000 men, the general staff was dissolved, and the production of heavy weaponry—including tanks, submarines, and military aircraft—was prohibited. A demilitarized zone was established along the Rhine.23
• War Guilt and Reparations: Article 231, the "war guilt clause," forced Germany to accept responsibility for the war’s damage. This provided the legal basis for demanding massive financial reparations to the Allies.123
• League of Nations: The treaty established the League of Nations to promote international cooperation and maintain peace.12