What tools did Northeast Indian peoples make from wood and stone?

Northeast Indian peoples utilized the abundant forest resources of their environment to craft a wide variety of tools from wood and stone.

Woodworking

Because of the heavily forested landscape, wood was a primary material for daily life. Northeast peoples fashioned the following items from wood:
* Household items: Dishes, bowls, spoons, and ladles were carved from wood or bark.12
* Transportation: They constructed birch-bark canoes, which were prized for their strength-to-weight ratio, as well as wooden dugouts for travel on lakes and streams.1
* Hunting and gathering: Men crafted the shafts for bows, arrows, and spears from wood.1
* Food preparation: Wooden pestles were used in conjunction with mortars hollowed out of tree trunks to process corn.1
* Winter travel: Wood provided the frames for snowshoes, which were essential for winter mobility.1

Stoneworking

Stone was essential for creating durable, sharp-edged implements. Northeast peoples utilized both chipped and ground-stone techniques:
* Cutting and hunting: Points for arrows and spears, as well as knives and other sharp-edged implements, were typically chipped from stone.1
* Processing: In addition to wooden tools, corn was occasionally ground between two flat stones.1
* Archaic implements: Earlier Eastern Archaic cultures utilized a variety of ground and polished stone tools, including grooved axes, adzes, pestles, gouges, and net sinkers.34