What social policies has the Indian National Congress supported regarding secularism and caste equality?

The Indian National Congress has historically championed social policies centered on the establishment of a secular government and the promotion of equal rights for all citizens, regardless of caste.1

Secularism

Following India's independence, the party’s approach to secularism was shaped by a balance between the ideals of Mahatma Gandhi—who advocated for the equal treatment of all religious groups—and Jawaharlal Nehru, who favored a state that maintained neutrality toward religion. While the party has consistently supported secular governance, its policies have occasionally faced scrutiny. For instance, in the 1985 Shah Bano case, the Congress Party passed legislation that nullified a Supreme Court verdict regarding financial support for a Muslim divorcée, a move intended to appease conservative religious voters.2

Caste Equality

The Indian National Congress has maintained a long-standing commitment to the principle of equal rights irrespective of caste. This stance aligns with broader national efforts, such as the Constitution of India, which abolished the practice of untouchability. The party has historically supported frameworks aimed at addressing historical social disparities, including the inclusion of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in political representation.13