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What role does the messiah play in some Jewish hopes for the future?

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Fresco The Last Judgment by Michelangelo covers the west wall of the Sistine Chapel, depicting Christ at the center surrounded by angels and human figures in dramatic poses. — eschatology The Second Coming as depicted in “The Last Judgment,” fresco by Michelangelo, 1536-41, on the west wall of the Sistine Chapel, Vatican Palace, Vatican City.

In Jewish eschatology, the messiah—derived from the Hebrew mashiaḥ ("anointed")—is traditionally envisioned as a king from the Davidic line who will deliver Israel from foreign oppression and restore the glories of its golden age.12

The role of this figure has evolved significantly throughout history:

National Restoration: Following the Babylonian Exile, the messiah became associated with the return to Israel and the establishment of divine sovereignty under a descendant of King David.12
Centrality: During periods of Roman rule and subsequent persecution, the expectation of a personal messiah gained prominence, becoming a central tenet of Judaism, as reflected in Maimonides’ 13 Articles of Faith.1
Nature of the Figure: While often viewed as a human ruler who reigns in righteousness and justice, some traditions attribute suprahuman or quasi-divine qualities to the messiah. In certain sects, political "Son of David" expectations were complemented or overshadowed by mystical, apocalyptic notions of a heavenly "Son of Man".21
Modern Perspectives: While traditional belief remains, some modernist Jewish movements emphasize a redeemed world without requiring a personal messiah figure.1