What punishments can a criminal court impose for a felony?

In the United States, a felony is defined as a crime typically punishable by a term of imprisonment of one year or more or by the death penalty. Beyond incarceration, criminal courts may impose several other consequences and sentencing alternatives:12

• Imprisonment: Offenders may receive a definite sentence or an indeterminate sentence, where the duration is not fixed and release is subject to parole authority.13
• Probation: A court may conditionally suspend a sentence, requiring the offender to remain under the supervision of a probation officer and adhere to specific behavioral requirements.4
• Restitution: Courts may order offenders to pay compensation to victims for property loss, stolen money, or medical costs resulting from the crime.5
• Forfeiture: While not a universal penalty, specific property related to certain crimes, such as racketeering, may be subject to forfeiture.1
• Collateral Consequences: A felony conviction often results in the loss of civil rights, typically including the right to vote, hold public office, or possess firearms.2