What powers does Article I give to the U.S. Congress?

Article I of the U.S. Constitution vests all legislative powers in the Congress, establishing it as the primary lawmaking body of the federal government.1

Section 8 of Article I enumerates specific powers granted to Congress, including the authority to:

• Fiscal Powers: Lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises to pay debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare; borrow money on the credit of the United States; and coin money while regulating its value and standard weights and measures.2
• Regulatory Powers: Regulate interstate commerce with foreign nations, among the states, and with Indian tribes; establish uniform rules for naturalization and bankruptcy; and promote the progress of science and useful arts by securing exclusive rights for authors and inventors.21
• Military and Foreign Affairs: Declare war, raise and support armies, provide and maintain a navy, and organize and call forth the militia.21
• Administrative Powers: Establish post offices and post roads, constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court, and define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas.2

Additionally, the "necessary and proper" clause grants Congress the implied power to make all laws required to execute these delegated authorities.21