What penalties can result from a foul in snooker?

In snooker, fouls occur when a player violates specific rules, such as pocketing the cue ball, failing to strike any ball, hitting a ball that is not "on" first, or pocketing two balls that are not both reds on a single stroke.1

When a foul is committed, the following penalties are typically assessed:

• Forfeit of points: A specified number of points are awarded to the opponent.1
• Loss of score: Any points the player may have scored during the foul stroke are forfeited.1
• Loss of turn: The player must yield their turn at the table to their opponent.1

Specific rules regarding these penalties can vary slightly depending on whether the game is governed by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA) or the Billiard Congress of America (BCA).1