What happened at the Battle of Chacabuco in 1817?

The Battle of Chacabuco, fought on February 12, 1817, was a pivotal victory for South American patriots against Spanish royalists during the wars of independence.1

Led by José de San Martín and Bernardo O’Higgins, the patriot forces crossed the Andes Mountains to liberate Chile from Spanish rule. Despite losing many men during the arduous 20-day march, the patriots surprised the Spanish general Rafael Maroto, who commanded approximately 1,500 troops.12

During the engagement, O’Higgins attacked prematurely, which initially allowed the Spanish infantry to drive back his contingent. However, San Martín successfully led a grenadier charge against the Spanish cavalry, providing O’Higgins the opportunity to regroup. A subsequent two-battalion bayonet charge by the patriots left the Spanish forces surrounded and routed.12

This victory initiated the expulsion of the Spanish from Chile and led the people of Santiago to offer the governorship to San Martín, who declined the position in favor of O’Higgins. The success of the operation cemented San Martín’s reputation as a military leader.12