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What food-safety laws followed the publication of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle?

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Illustration of a vegan food pyramid divided into four sections: whole grains at the base, followed by vegetables, then fruit, and legumes at the top, with recommended daily servings and images of representative foods in each group. — vegetarianism A vegan food pyramid, which excludes meat and animal products.

The publication of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle in 1906 was a pivotal catalyst for federal food-safety reform in the United States. While Sinclair’s primary intent was to highlight the exploitation of workers, his vivid descriptions of unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry sparked massive public outrage.12

In response, President Theodore Roosevelt utilized the findings of the Neill-Reynolds report—which confirmed the horrific practices depicted in the novel—to pressure Congress into passing two landmark pieces of legislation on June 30, 1906:

Meat Inspection Act: This law mandated that the U.S. Department of Agriculture inspect livestock (including cattle, swine, sheep, goats, and horses) before and after slaughter. It prohibited the sale of adulterated or misbranded meat products and ensured they were processed under sanitary conditions.31
Pure Food and Drug Act: This legislation prohibited the interstate sale of adulterated or misbranded food and drugs. It required accurate ingredient labeling and mandated the disclosure of specific dangerous substances, laying the foundation for what would eventually become the Food and Drug Administration.2