What features of Australopithecus afarensis were apelike?

Created from Britannica articles using AI. AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles.

The morphology of Australopithecus afarensis is characterized by a mosaic of both humanlike and apelike features. Its apelike traits include:

  • Craniofacial Anatomy: The face is strongly prognathic (projecting forward), and the snout anatomy is considered quite apelike.1
  • Dentition: The dental arch—the curve of the teeth in the jaw—is rectangular in outline, which is distinct from the parabolic arch found in modern humans. Additionally, certain details of the teeth themselves are reminiscent of apes.1
  • Brain Size: The cranial capacity of Au. afarensis ranges from 380–530 cc, which is approximately one-third the size of a modern human brain and is closer in mass to that of chimpanzees and gorillas.12
  • Locomotor Adaptations: While the species was a biped, it retained features indicating it could readily climb and maneuver in trees, such as curved finger and toe bones, short femurs, and long upper limbs relative to the lower limbs. These curved digits are considered evolutionary remnants from an apelike ancestor.31