What did the 2002 Pretoria agreement do to help end the Second Congo War?

The 2002 Pretoria agreement was a pivotal step in concluding the Second Congo War, as it provided a framework to transition the nation toward peace and stability.12

The agreement facilitated the end of the war through several key provisions:

• Power-sharing: It established a transitional government to include various parties involved in the conflict.12
• Military Integration: It mandated the integration of various militias into a new, unified national army, leading to the creation of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC).12
• Formal Ratification: The agreement was ratified in April 2003, which allowed for the adoption of a transitional constitution and the inauguration of an interim government in July 2003, with Joseph Kabila serving as president.12

These measures helped move the country beyond the failed implementation of the 1999 Lusaka Peace Accord, ultimately fostering a more structured path toward ending the hostilities that had devastated the region.12