What did Weber mean by the disenchantment of the world?

The German sociologist Max Weber used the term "disenchantment of the world"—or Entzauberung, literally "de-magic-ation"—to describe the process by which modern science and rationalization have replaced supernatural and religious explanations for natural and social phenomena.12

As modernization progresses, the world becomes "demystified" and transparent. Where nonindustrial cultures once attributed events to gods or spirits, modern society relies on the scientific method to provide rational, predictable explanations.12

Weber viewed this shift with concern, arguing that while science can explain the mechanics of the world, it cannot answer fundamental questions of values or morals. Consequently, he believed the modern world became "leeched of mystery and richness," resulting in an intellectualized, predictable, and potentially alienating environment. Although rationalization—epitomized by the rise of bureaucracy—is a defining feature of modern society, Weber noted that it does not eliminate the human need for meaning, often leaving a vacuum that neither science nor traditional religion can adequately fill.12