What crops and animals supported the Inca economy?

The Inca economy was fundamentally based on agriculture, which relied on a diverse array of crops and domesticated animals adapted to the varied ecological zones of the Andes.12

Crops

The Inca cultivated a wide variety of plants, many of which were specifically adapted to different altitudes and micro-environments. Key staples included:
* Grains and Tubers: Corn (maize) and both white and sweet potatoes were essential staples.2
* Other Crops: The Inca also grew squash, tomatoes, peanuts, chili peppers, cassava, and coca.2
* Fiber: Cotton was a vital crop used for clothing and textiles.2

Animals

Livestock played a critical role in Inca society, providing food, transportation, and materials:
* Camelids: Llamas and alpacas were central to the economy. Llamas served as important pack animals for transport, while both species provided wool for clothing.23
* Other Animals: The Inca also raised guinea pigs, ducks, and dogs.2

To manage these resources, the Inca utilized advanced irrigation systems and terraced fields to maximize agricultural output across the challenging Andean terrain.124