What are voiced, voiceless aspirated, and glottalized stops in Caucasian languages?

In the study of Caucasian languages, the consonant systems are notable for their complexity and diversity. All Caucasian languages feature a series of stops—consonants formed by the momentary blocking of the oral cavity—that are categorized into three distinct types based on their articulation:123

• Voiced stops: These are produced while the vocal cords are vibrating.2
• Voiceless aspirated stops: These are produced with the vocal cords not vibrating, accompanied by an audible puff of breath upon the release of the closure.2
• Glottalized stops: These are produced with an accompanying closure of the glottis, which is the space between the vocal cords.2

Beyond these three types, some Caucasian languages also exhibit contrasts between strong and weak consonants, as well as various secondary articulations such as labialization, pharyngealization, and velarization, depending on the specific language group.12