What are the third and fourth freedoms of the air?

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In the context of air law, the third and fourth freedoms are categorized as traffic rights, which pertain to the commercial transport of passengers, mail, or cargo.1

Third Freedom: The privilege of an airline to bring traffic from its home state into the territory of another state and discharge it there.1
Fourth Freedom: The privilege of an airline to pick up traffic in a foreign state that is destined for the airline's home state.1

These rights, along with the fifth freedom, are typically negotiated through bilateral international agreements rather than a single multilateral treaty.1