What are the seven truth values in Jain logic?

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In Jainism, the seven logical alternatives used to express the conditional nature of reality are known as saptabhangi. This system of seven-valued logic reflects the doctrine of anekantavada, or the "many-sidedness of reality," which posits that all judgments are conditional and depend on the perspective from which they are made.12

The seven truth values are as follows:

  • True2
  • False2
  • Indefinite2
  • True and false2
  • True and indefinite2
  • False and indefinite2
  • True, false, and indefinite2

Every statement is regarded as having these seven values when considered from different standpoints, as no single perspective can fully capture the infinite aspects of reality.12