What are the roles of Allied Command Operations and Allied Command Transformation?

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Flag of NATO featuring a white compass rose emblem with four lines radiating from the center on a blue background. — North Atlantic Treaty Organization Flag of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) maintains a comprehensive military structure under the guidance of the Military Committee, which oversees two primary strategic commands responsible for the alliance's operational and developmental readiness.1

Allied Command Operations (ACO)

Headed by the Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), ACO is responsible for the planning and execution of all alliance military operations. It is based at the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) in Casteau, Belgium.1

Allied Command Transformation (ACT)

Headquartered in Norfolk, Virginia, ACT focuses on the strategic transformation of the alliance. Its role is to drive the evolution of NATO’s military capabilities, ensuring the alliance remains prepared to address future security challenges through innovation and the development of new doctrines and technologies.1

Would you like to know more about the specific responsibilities of the SACEUR or how these commands coordinate with the North Atlantic Council?