What are the four cardinal virtues of Stoic philosophy?

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Marble bust of Marcus Tullius Cicero, shown with short hair and draped clothing, displayed against a black background. — Stoicism Marcus Tullius Cicero, detail of a marble bust; in the Capitoline Museums, Rome.

The four cardinal virtues in Stoic philosophy are wisdom, justice, courage, and temperance. These virtues are considered "cardinal" because other virtues hinge upon them.1

Wisdom: The ability to discern what is good, bad, and indifferent, guiding one's actions and judgments.2
Justice: Treating others fairly and with equity, recognizing the shared capacity for reason among all humans.2
Courage: The strength of mind to persevere through difficulties and face danger with fortitude.34
Temperance: Practicing moderation and restraint in one's desires and actions, avoiding extremes.5

Stoicism emphasizes that living virtuously is the path to a tranquil mind and moral worth.6