What are subjective spirit, objective spirit, and absolute spirit in Hegel’s philosophy?

In Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel’s philosophy, the unfolding of the "World-Spirit" occurs through a dialectical process, manifesting in three distinct stages of human experience and culture. These stages represent the development of Spirit as it realizes itself:12

• Subjective Spirit: This stage encompasses the internal, psychological characteristics of human beings, including habit, appetite, and judgment. It focuses on the individual mind and its internal processes.13
• Objective Spirit: This stage is expressed through the external world of human laws, social arrangements, and political institutions, such as the family, civil society, and the state. It represents the realization of spirit in the collective structures of human life.1
• Absolute Spirit: This is the final stage, in which Spirit achieves full self-knowledge and unity. It is embodied in the highest forms of human culture: art, religion, and philosophy. In this stage, Spirit recognizes itself as one with the Absolute, transcending the limitations of the finite.12

Through these stages, Hegel’s system seeks to comprehend the entire universe as a systematic, spiritual whole.2