What actions did Gandhi encourage during the noncooperation movement?

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Mahatma Gandhi, holding a walking stick, walks beside Sarojini Naidu during the Salt March protest in 1930, with several men following behind them. — Indian National Congress Indian National Congress leaders Mahatma Gandhi (left) and Sarojini Naidu (right) on the Salt March in western India, March 1930.

During the noncooperation movement, Mahatma Gandhi encouraged a strategy of nonviolent civil disobedience to pressure the British government of India into granting self-government, or swaraj.1

Supported by the Indian National Congress, the movement involved the following specific actions:

Resigning from government-granted titles.1
Boycotting government educational institutions, the courts, government service, foreign goods, and elections.1
Refusing to pay taxes.1

Gandhi insisted that these actions remain strictly nonviolent, as he believed that moral integrity was essential to the success of the satyagraha movement. When violent outbreaks occurred, such as the murder of police officers in Chauri Chaura, Gandhi took the ethical stance of calling off the movement entirely to prevent further bloodshed.1