What Greek institutions were introduced in Jerusalem before the Maccabean revolt?

Before the Maccabean revolt, the introduction of Greek institutions in Jerusalem was primarily driven by Hellenizing factions within the Jewish leadership, most notably under the high priest Jason.

During his tenure as high priest (175–172 BCE), Jason sought to transform Jerusalem into a Greek city by establishing Greek educational institutions. Central to this effort was the introduction of the gymnasium, a cultural and athletic center where participants engaged in physical training and social activities. These institutions were significant because they promoted Hellenistic values, such as the pursuit of the "body beautiful," which often required nudity—a practice that directly conflicted with Jewish customs like circumcision and highlighted the divide between Hellenized Jews and those loyal to traditional religious practices.12

These changes were part of a broader trend of Hellenization that had been gaining influence in Judaea since the early 2nd century BCE, often supported by wealthy urban aristocrats who sought to align Jerusalem with the cultural norms of the wider Hellenistic world.1