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Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), U.S. satellite designed to study the Sun. It was launched on February 11, 2010, from Cape Canaveral, Florida, by an Atlas V rocket into a geosynchronous orbit. SDO is the first satellite in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Living with a Star program, which studies space weather—that is, the effects of solar activity on Earth’s magnetosphere. SDO carries three instruments: the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI), the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly...