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Maya, Indigenous people of Mesoamerica occupying a nearly continuous territory in southern Mexico, Guatemala, and northern Belize. In the early 21st century some 30 Mayan languages were spoken by more than five million people, most of whom were bilingual in Spanish. Before the Spanish conquest of Mexico and Central America, the Maya possessed one of the most complex societies in the Western Hemisphere (see pre-Columbian civilizations: The earliest Maya civilization of the lowlands). They practiced...