How were bricks arranged in Indus civilization construction?
In the construction of the Indus civilization, brick was the primary building material, with the use of burned brick versus unburned mud brick varying by site and purpose.1
To ensure stability and strength, bricks were generally bonded in courses of alternating headers (units laid with their ends toward the face of the wall) and stretchers (units laid with their lengths parallel to the face of the wall), a technique known as the English bond. While common bricks were typically produced in open molds, builders also utilized sawed bricks for special requirements. In some large-scale structures, such as the defenses or the granary at Mohenjo-daro, timber was occasionally incorporated as a lacing for the brickwork to provide additional reinforcement.21