How many teacher-training institutions were operating in Germany by the end of the 18th century?

By the end of the 18th century, there were 30 teacher-training institutions, known as seminaries or normal schools, in operation in Germany.1

These institutions were established to provide formal preparation for individuals who had already completed their basic schooling and intended to become teachers. The curriculum focused on developing a deeper understanding of the human mind, the scientific principles of education, and the practical methods of teaching. The first such seminary was established in Halle in 1706.1