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How many people and households were counted in the Han census of 2 CE?

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Map showing the Han Empire's territory around 100 BCE, shaded in orange, covering much of eastern China and extending westward. The map also marks the boundary of modern China and highlights the Great Wall running along the northern frontier, built for protection against the Huns. Major rivers and the capital, Chang'an (Xi'an), are labeled. — Han dynasty Map showing the extent of the Han empire c. 100 bce.

According to historical records from the Han dynasty, the census conducted in 2 CE recorded approximately 12,233,000 households and 59,595,000 individuals.1

This count was primarily intended as a preparatory step for the levy of a poll tax. Because many people sought to avoid reporting to the government to escape taxation, these figures are considered by some scholars to be an estimate, though they remain a significant record of the population during the Western Han period.2