How is instinctive behavior different from learned behavior?

Instinctive behavior and learned behavior are often contrasted, though modern science recognizes that this dichotomy is an oversimplification.12

Instinctive Behavior

Instinct is generally defined as an inborn, genetically determined behavior pattern that is typically performed in response to specific external stimuli. These behaviors are often described as "stereotyped" and appear to be performed automatically and correctly the first time they are elicited, without requiring prior experience. Examples range from simple reflexes to complex sequences of actions, such as the prey-catching movements of toads or the nest-hygiene activities of honeybees.324

Learned Behavior

Learned behavior is defined as the alteration of behavior as a result of individual experience. Unlike instinctive patterns, learning allows an animal to adjust its actions to the specific state of its environment, such as identifying food sources or navigating landmarks.56

The Interaction of Nature and Nurture

The traditional view that behavior is either strictly innate or entirely learned is now considered inaccurate. Instead, all behaviors result from a complex interaction between genes and the environment.2

• Instinctive Learning: Many animals are genetically predisposed to acquire specific information, a phenomenon known as instinctive learning. For example, while honeybees are generalist foragers, they are programmed to learn the specific colors and odors of rewarding flowers at precise times.6
• Genetic Constraints: Learning is only possible after an animal has been steered by its genes to develop its behavior in a certain way. Genes set the rules—often called Darwinian algorithms—that govern how an individual interprets its experiences.26

Ultimately, the development of behavior is a product of both internal genetic influences and external environmental factors, rather than a simple choice between the two.12