How is a syllable structured in Tai languages?

In Tai languages, the structure of a syllable is defined by a specific sequence of components and a mandatory pitch requirement:

• Initial: Each syllable begins with a single consonant or a consonant cluster.1
• Nucleus: This is followed by a vowel or a vowel cluster, which may be a long vowel or a diphthong.1
• Final: The syllable may conclude with a final consonant, typically a nasal sound or an unreleased stop (a consonant where the airstream is completely blocked without release).1
• Tone: Every syllable must be pronounced with a specific tone, characterized by a particular pitch level and contour.1

These elements work together to form the fundamental phonological units of the language family.1