How have thermal imaging and brain-wave measurements been used in lie-detection research?

In the field of lie detection, researchers have explored advanced technologies beyond the traditional polygraph to identify signs of deception.

Late 20th-century developments in this area included the use of thermal imaging and brain-wave measurements:

• Thermal Imaging: This technique monitors changes in facial-skin temperature. The premise is that the physiological arousal associated with the act of lying may manifest as detectable thermal variations on a subject's face.1
• Brain-wave Measurements: Researchers have utilized the analysis of brain-wave activity to observe neurological responses that might correlate with deceptive behavior.1

While these methods represent attempts to move past the limitations of standard physiological sensors—which measure respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, and galvanic skin response—they remain part of an ongoing scientific effort to find reliable indicators of truthfulness. Like other lie detection tools, these technologies face scrutiny regarding their scientific validity and their ability to distinguish between the stress of lying and other forms of emotional or physiological arousal.1