How have changing attitudes toward slang affected dictionary-making?

Changing attitudes toward slang have significantly influenced dictionary-making, marking a shift from prescriptive to descriptive lexicography.1

Historically, early dictionaries often excluded slang or justified its inclusion through the lens of public safety, framing it as a way for people to understand the language of criminals to protect themselves. Over time, however, the field has moved away from the idea that dictionaries should act as "supreme authorities" or "law" that dictates how language should be used. Instead, modern lexicographers prioritize a descriptive approach, which focuses on documenting how language is actually used by speakers.12

This evolution has led to a greater acceptance of slang in general dictionaries. Lexicographers now evaluate terms based on evidence of widespread, frequent, and meaningful usage within a community. When a word meets these criteria, it may be included, sometimes with usage labels to provide context. This process acknowledges that language is dynamic; many words considered slang in the past have since become standard English. Ultimately, the inclusion of slang reflects the dictionary’s role in providing access to the full resources of a language, rather than enforcing rigid or arbitrary standards.132