How has improved transportation increased the popularity of Hindu pilgrimage?

Improved transportation has played a pivotal role in the increased popularity of Hindu pilgrimage since the 20th century. By making travel easier, cheaper, and safer, modern infrastructure has allowed for greater movement over the distances required for the practice of tirtha, or journeying to sacred sites.12

This enhanced accessibility has facilitated massive gatherings, such as the Kumbh Mela, which has drawn tens of millions of pilgrims to sites like Allahabad. Furthermore, as populations have migrated globally, the ability to travel and maintain cultural ties has led to the establishment of new Hindu pilgrimage sites in North America and Europe, demonstrating the institution's flexibility in translating ancient religious landscapes into new territories.12

Ultimately, the act of leaving home remains central to the experience, and improved transit has ensured that these sacred journeys remain a vital, accessible practice for diverse populations.1