How does the second freedom of the air allow an aircraft to make a technical stop?

In the context of air law, the second freedom of the air is defined as the privilege of flying across a foreign country with a stop for technical purposes only, such as refueling or maintenance, rather than for the purpose of loading or unloading passengers, mail, or cargo.1

Together with the first freedom—the privilege of flying across a country nonstop—this right is categorized as a transit right. Many nations have formalized these transit rights on a multilateral basis through the International Air Services Transit Agreement, which facilitates international aviation by allowing aircraft to utilize foreign airspace and airports for these non-commercial, technical necessities without requiring complex bilateral negotiations for every flight path.1