How does the United States Constitution divide power between the national government and state governments?

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Venn diagram illustrating the division of powers under U.S. federalism, with the left circle listing national government powers, the right circle listing state government powers, and the overlapping center showing concurrent powers shared by both. — federalism A Venn diagram showing government powers under U.S. federalism.

The United States Constitution establishes a system of federalism, dividing power between the national government and state governments. The national government holds powers explicitly delegated to it by the Constitution, such as regulating interstate commerce, declaring war, and managing foreign relations. Conversely, the Tenth Amendment reserves all powers not delegated to the federal government, nor prohibited to the states, to the states or the people themselves. This division ensures that states retain significant autonomy in areas not specifically assigned to the federal level.12345