How does the United Nations Charter require member states to settle international disputes?

The United Nations Charter mandates that member states settle their international disputes through peaceful means to ensure that international peace, security, and justice are not endangered. Furthermore, the Charter requires that all members refrain from the threat or use of force in their international relations.1

Under Chapter 6 of the Charter, the United Nations provides a framework for the pacific settlement of disputes, which includes several methods:2

• Direct mechanisms: Parties may engage in negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and judicial decisions.32
• Security Council intervention: The Security Council may investigate any dispute to determine if it threatens international peace and security. It has the authority to recommend appropriate procedures or methods of adjustment and, if necessary, suggest specific terms of settlement.2
• General Assembly participation: The General Assembly may discuss questions related to the maintenance of international peace and security and make recommendations to the states concerned or to the Security Council.2

If peaceful efforts fail, Chapter 7 of the Charter authorizes the Security Council to take coercive measures, including economic sanctions or the use of military force, to maintain or restore international peace and security.32