How does the Marxist typology classify political systems?

The Marxist typology of political systems is a modern classifying scheme that prioritizes economic factors over formal governmental structures. Rather than focusing on the number of power holders or constitutional claims, this approach classifies types of rule based on economic class divisions.1

Key aspects of this classification include:

• Control of Production: The ruling class is defined as the group that controls the means of production within the state.1
• Class Interests: Political institutions, including the state, are viewed as outgrowths of the prevailing economic activity or mode of production. Consequently, the state is often characterized as a tool used by the ruling class to repress other classes.234
• Historical Evolution: The typology reflects the theory of historical materialism, which identifies successive modes of production—such as slavery, feudalism, and capitalism—each associated with specific class structures and political orders.2

Ultimately, Marxism posits that as economic conditions change, the political system must adapt or be replaced, eventually leading toward a classless society where the state is no longer necessary.32