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How does the Episcopal Church differ from the Church of England?

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The Washington National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., features Gothic-style architecture with tall towers, pointed arches, and a large rose window above the main entrance. — The Episcopal Church Washington National Cathedral, Washington, D.C.

The Episcopal Church and the Church of England share a common heritage in doctrine, worship, and ministerial order, as the former was organized in 1789 as the successor to the latter in the American colonies. However, they differ fundamentally in their political status and governance:1

Autonomy and Governance: The Episcopal Church is an autonomous body in the United States. In contrast, the Church of England is the established church of England, with the British monarch serving as its supreme governor.12
State Relationship: While the Church of England maintains formal ties to the state—including having representative bishops in the House of Lords—the Episcopal Church operates independently of the U.S. government.2
Historical Separation: The Episcopal Church was formed following the American Revolution, when it became necessary to separate from the Church of England due to the political tensions of the time, specifically the requirement that clergy swear allegiance to the British Crown.3

Both churches remain associated through the Anglican Communion, participating in international gatherings such as the Lambeth Conference.13