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How does the 1983 Code of Canon Law describe the rights and duties of Roman Catholic laypeople and clergy?

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First Council of Nicaea — canon law Council of Nicaea in 325, depicted in a Byzantine fresco in the basilica of St. Nicholas in Demre, Turkey.

The 1983 Code of Canon Law reflects the theological insights of the Second Vatican Council by defining the church as the "people of God" rather than strictly as an institution. Book II of the code specifically outlines the rights and duties of the faithful, including both clergy and laypeople.12

Rights and Duties of the Laity

The revised code emphasizes the active participation of laypeople in the life of the church. Key provisions include:1
* Church Governance: Laypeople are eligible to hold various church offices, such as serving as diocesan chancellors, and may attend diocesan synods.3
* Advisory Roles: The laity are encouraged to participate in parish and diocesan pastoral and financial councils, serving as advisers to priests and bishops.3
* Liturgical Participation: Laypeople have the right to serve as lectors, commentators, and cantors. They may also be authorized to preach, distribute Holy Communion, and confer baptism.3

Clergy and Hierarchy

The code presents the governing power of the hierarchy as a call to serve. While the laity are tasked with realizing their Christian destiny in the secular sphere, the clergy provide principles and general direction. The code also promotes decentralization, granting local bishops greater autonomy in their administration.13