How does slang differ from standard language?

Slang differs from standard language primarily in its social function, origin, and level of formality. While standard language is a stabilized form of speech used in formal contexts like government, education, and media—often guided by dictionaries, grammars, and authoritative bodies to minimize linguistic variation—slang is unconventional, informal, and often transient.123

Key distinctions include:

• Social Context: Standard language carries social prestige and serves as a model for correct usage among the most powerful and educated members of society. In contrast, slang is often flippant, irreverent, or impertinent, frequently serving as a tool for social criticism or satire.214
• Origin and Usage: Standard language is typically based on the dialect of a cultural or economic center. Slang, however, often emerges from subcultures or specific groups to express group solidarity, hostility, or contempt toward the values of the dominant culture.256
• Stability: Standard language is designed for consistency across broad areas. Slang has a high turnover rate; it is often short-lived, though some terms may eventually lose their edge and be adopted into the standard language.2346