How does philosophy of history differ from historiography?

The distinction between the philosophy of history and historiography lies in their primary objectives and levels of inquiry.

Historiography is the practice of writing history. It involves the critical examination of sources, the selection of evidence, and the synthesis of that material into a narrative. It also encompasses the theory and history of historical writing itself—essentially, how historians go about their work and how that craft has evolved over time.1

Philosophy of history acts as a reflective discipline that examines history from two distinct perspectives:2

• Speculative Philosophy of History: This is a first-order inquiry that seeks to provide an overall explanation or interpretation of the historical process as a whole, often looking for a course or direction in human events.2
• Critical or Analytical Philosophy of History: This is a second-order inquiry that does not focus on the events themselves, but rather on the procedures, categories, and logical structures used by practicing historians. It investigates the presuppositions of historical inquiry and the methods historians use to render the past intelligible.23

In short, while historiography is the doing of history, the philosophy of history is the critical reflection upon that process.2