How does delivery of goods transfer ownership to a buyer?

In the context of a commercial transaction, the delivery of goods is one of the primary methods by which ownership is transferred to a buyer, though the specific timing depends on the legal system and the agreement between the parties.12

While the conclusion of a contract often serves as the point of transfer, many legal systems provide that ownership passes specifically when the item is delivered to the buyer, provided no other arrangement has been made. For generic goods—items not specifically designated, such as a bulk quantity of raw materials—ownership typically cannot pass until the seller has identified and appropriated the specific goods intended for delivery, such as by transferring them to a carrier.12

It is important to distinguish between the contract of sale and the conveyance of property. While they often occur simultaneously, parties may use private agreements to delay the transfer of ownership until a later event, such as the receipt of payment or the physical delivery of the goods. Ultimately, delivery is essential to enable the buyer to enjoy full legal rights and quiet possession over the objects purchased.12