How does a monarchy differ from a democracy?

The primary difference between a monarchy and a democracy lies in the source of sovereignty and the selection of leadership.1

• Monarchy: This system is traditionally based on the sovereignty of a single ruler or a ruling family, where the position of head of state is typically inherited. In absolute or semiconstitutional monarchies, the monarch may exercise significant executive power. However, in many contemporary constitutional monarchies, the monarch serves as a ceremonial, apolitical head of state, while actual political authority is held by elected officials.2345
• Democracy: This system is defined by "rule by the people," where laws, policies, and leadership are decided—directly or indirectly—by the citizens. In a democracy, the head of government is chosen through popular vote or representative processes, ensuring accountability to the electorate.614

While these systems are distinct, they are not always mutually exclusive; constitutional monarchies often function according to democratic procedures, where the monarch acts as a symbol of national unity while elected representatives govern.35