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How does Modern Greek show grammatical gender?

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Thematic map of Eurasia showing the approximate geographic distribution of Indo-European language families, each represented by a different color. Areas include Celtic in western Europe, Germanic in northern and central Europe, Romance in southwestern Europe, Slavic in eastern Europe and Russia, and Indo-Iranian languages in South Asia. Non-Indo-European language regions and areas of common bilingualism are also indicated. — Greek language Approximate locations of Indo-European languages in contemporary Eurasia.

In Modern Greek, the ancient categorization of nouns into masculine, feminine, and neuter genders remains intact.1

Grammatical gender is shown through a system of agreement, or concord, where related words must match the noun they modify in gender, number, and case. Specifically:12

Adjectives: These must agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case.1
Articles: Definite articles (such as o) and indefinite articles (such as enas) also reflect the gender of the noun.1
Pronouns: In general, pronouns exhibit the same gender categories as nouns.1

This system ensures that when a noun is used in a sentence, the associated adjectives, articles, and pronouns are inflected to match its specific gender class.12