How does Halakha differ from Haggada in rabbinic literature?

In rabbinic literature, the oral Torah is classified into two primary categories based on content: Halakha and Haggada.1

• Halakha (meaning "law") focuses on the legal, ritual, and doctrinal aspects of Scripture. It provides the framework for how the laws of the written Torah are applied to daily life, covering areas such as civil, social, and religious obligations. Traditionally, Halakha was considered the province of the learned.123
• Haggada (meaning "narrative") encompasses the non-legal portions of rabbinic literature. It includes biblical expositions, ethical teachings, parables, folklore, theology, and historical legends. Haggada serves to illustrate narratives, explore ideas, and supplement stories, often appealing to a broader audience than the strictly legal texts.13

While Halakha functions as a legal compilation, Haggada provides a diverse array of materials—ranging from science and medicine to ethics and fables—that often served to lighten the mood during complex legal discussions in the Talmudic academies. Both are integral to the Midrash, which acts as the exegetical method used to interpret and elaborate upon the scriptural text.13