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How does Christology examine the person and work of Jesus Christ?

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Christology The Transfiguration, the nature of Jesus as the Son of God being revealed to the apostles Peter, James, and John, mosaic icon, early 13th century; in the Louvre, Paris.

Christology is the branch of theology dedicated to the study of the nature and work of Jesus of Nazareth. It examines his identity through two primary lenses: his person and his work.1

The Person of Christ

Christological reflection on the person of Jesus focuses on the relationship between his human nature and his divine nature. A central tenet of orthodox Christianity is the two natures of Christ, which posits that Jesus is both fully human and fully divine. This "hypostatic union" asserts that these natures are joined in one person without being mixed, divided, or separated. Historically, this understanding was refined through ecumenical councils, such as the Council of Chalcedon, to address various theological controversies regarding his essence and personhood.234

The Work of Christ

Christology also examines the work of Jesus, particularly his role in salvation and the Atonement. Theories of the Atonement have evolved over time, ranging from early views of Christ’s victory over the Devil to St. Anselm of Canterbury’s satisfaction theory, which argued that Christ’s death was necessary to reconcile sinful humanity with God’s righteousness. Other perspectives, such as those of Peter Abelard, emphasize Jesus as a teacher and role model whose life and love awaken faith and reconciliation in humanity.15