How do standard languages differ from local dialects in the BCMS-speaking region?

In the context of the Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS) region, it is important to clarify that while these forms of speech are often referred to as a single language, they are also recognized as separate standard languages. The distinction between a standard language and a local dialect is fundamental to understanding this linguistic landscape.1

Local dialects are the naturally occurring, spoken forms of speech found within a region. In contrast, a standard language is a constructed or codified variety. To create a standard, specific local dialects are chosen as a basis, and authoritative decisions are made regarding which words and grammatical forms constitute "correct" usage.1

Standard languages in the BCMS region typically feature established writing systems and are utilized in formal spheres such as government, education, media, and publishing. While educated speakers from these countries can converse with full mutual understanding, they must adhere to distinct, non-interchangeable standards when writing. Consequently, while the underlying speech is shared, no single joint standard exists for all users.2