Britannica
Sources used in this answer
How do some Protestant churches distinguish an ordinance from a sacrament?
Created from Britannica articles
using AI.
AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles.
In Protestant theology, the distinction between a sacrament and an ordinance often centers on the criteria of divine institution and the transmission of grace.
While the Roman Catholic Church recognizes seven sacraments, most Protestant traditions limit the number to those acts explicitly commanded by Christ in the Scripturesâtypically baptism and the Eucharist (the Lordâs Supper).123
The distinction is often categorized by how these acts are interpreted:
- Sacramental View: Many Protestants define a sacrament as an act instituted by Christ that combines the Word of God with a visible element to impart divine grace. Even among those who retain the term "sacrament," there is significant debate regarding the nature of this grace and the role of the material elements.34
- Ordinance View: Some traditions, notably the Anabaptists, prefer the term "ordinance." This view emphasizes these acts as "memorial remembrances" of the death and resurrection of Jesus and as public symbols of a believer's commitment, rather than as vehicles that inherently convey grace.3
Ultimately, while some churches use the terms interchangeably, "ordinance" is frequently favored by groups that emphasize the act as an obedient response to a command from Christ, whereas "sacrament" is often retained by those who emphasize the act as a means of grace.34